A Systematic Classification and Analysis of NFRs

The main agenda of Requirements Engineering (RE) is the development of tools, techniques and languages for the elicitation, specification, negotiation, and validation of software requirements. However, this development has traditionally been focused on functional requirements (FRs), rather than non-functional requirements (NFRs). Consequently, NFR approaches developed over the years have been fragmental and there is a lack of clear understanding of the positions of these approaches in the RE process. This paper provides a systematic classification and analysis of 89 NFR approaches

Antimicrobial effects of Kelussia odoratissima extracts against food borne and food spoilage bacteria "in vitro"

The aim of this paper was to investigate the antibacterial potential of Kelussia odoratissima Mozff extract against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Karafs-eKoohi with the scientific name of Kelussia odoratissima is an Iranian endemic edible plant in the middle region of Iran with enormous use as food, spice and medicinal herb. The antibacterial effect of the extracts was investigated using pour plate and disk diffusion methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC( and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also studied using the dilution method. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis. The results showed that in disk diffusion method all concentrations of ethanolic extract had inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC( of Kelussia odoratissima leaves of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were 16 and 8 mg/ml, and for Enterobacter aerogenes were 32 and 16 mg/ml, respectively. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Kelussia odoratissima leaves of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were 32 and 16 mg/ml, and for Enterobacter aerogenes were 64 and 32mg/ml, respectively. The results showed that the extract of Kelussia odoratissima had a satisfactory antimicrobial activity and the ethanolic extract of Kelussia odoratissima leaves had greater inhibitory effects on the strains studied compared to aqueous extract in vitro. A significant correlation was also observed between zone of inhibition and concentration of extracts

Efficiency of partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing as molecular marker for phylogenetic study of cyanobacteria, with emphasis on some complex taxa

At present, the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences is the most commonly used molecular marker for phylogenetic studies of cyanobacteria. However, in many studies partial sequences is used. To evaluate the performance of this molecular marker, phylogenetic relationship of several taxa from this phylum, especially some intermixed taxa, was studied. We analyzed a data set consisting of three categories of cyanobacterial strains, traditionally classified in three orders, by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic analyses were performed with an emphasis on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences (600 bp) and the phylogenetic relationships were assessed using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference. In morphometric study, numerical taxonomy was performed on several morphospecies, and cluster analysis was performed using SPSS software. Based on the findings of this study, unlike the morphological analysis which was useful in several taxonomic ranks, this molecular marker is recommended for use only in high taxonomic levels such as order and family, because, contrary to our expectations, using partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the lower taxonomic levels, even in the genus level, was not necessarily successful. Inefficiency of this molecular marker in taxonomy of some genera, especially intermixed taxa, was another finding of the present study, which represents the genetic similarity of these taxa

Interventions in reducing caesarean section in the world: A systematic review

Caesarean section without medical indication imposes many problems to families, personnel and medical equipment causing some side effects to pregnant woman and foetus, compared to natural childbirth. The present study aimed to evaluate the interventions in reducing caesarean section in the world. This study was a systematic review using Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Magiran and SID databases and grey literature. All studies conducted during 2000–2018 were reviewed and finally the studies with inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. A total of 19 studies were selected among 5,559 studies. The interventions conducted for reducing caesarean section included training the specialists and women by using Six Sigma method, changing the guidelines, reviewing the definition of natural childbirth various stages, encouraging the natural childbirth and expanding painless childbirth. All interventions were divided into educational strategy and managerial strategy. The interventions can be implemented to change the behaviour of physicians and attitude of pregnant women in order to reduce caesarean section. In this regard, the authorities are recommended to make more efforts

Predictors of Quality of Life in Infertile Couples.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted with the aim of examines the quality of life of infertile couples and their relationship with the practical resilience of infertile couples referring to Yazd's centers of infertility. METHODS: This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The research population consisted of all infertile couples who referred to Infertility Centers in Yazd, Iran in the winter of 2016. Sampling was conducted in a non-random and accessible manner. The instrument used in the research included a) demographic information questionnaire, b) Conner and Davidson's Resilience Scale, and c) quality of life infertile couples questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 at a significant level of P < 0.05. To describe the data, descriptive statistics methods were used and the inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, independent t test, and variance analysis) were used to test the research hypotheses. RESULTS: People (202 couples) participated in this research. Three variables of resilience (β = 0.04, P = 0.04), gender (β = -0.22, P < 0.001), and education level (β = 0.21, P < 0.001) had a prediction coefficient and there was a significant relationship with quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that resilience, gender, and education predict the quality of life of infertile couples. In the infertile couples counseling program, resilience should be considered as a coping factor. KEYWORDS: Couples; Infertility; Quality of lif

Quality evaluation framework (QEF): Modeling and evaluating quality of business processes

Business process modeling is an important part of information systems design as well as of any business engineering or reengineering activity. Business process modeling languages provide standard ways of presentation and communication between different stakeholders. A business process model is the externalization of the conceptualization of some parts of the object world that deal with those aspects that pertain to the way business transactions are carried out and supported by an information system. This paper deals with an essential issue in this context, namely the assessment of the quality of business processes through their models. This objective raises two major issues, (a) the identification of the quality factors relevant to business processes, and (b) the definition of the metrics that provide a means for objectively measuring quality of business processes. These two issues are addressed in this paper through a quality evaluation framework, known as QEF that enables business process modelers to explicitly incorporate a wide variety of requirements corresponding to quality factors. Quality factors of business processes are defined in this paper and categorized into different quality dimensions. Application of the quality framework as well as proposed quality dimensions, factors and metrics are discussed through an illustrative example

بررسی ارتباط استفاده از شبکه‌های اجتماعی تلفن همراه با سلامت روان در کارکنان ستادی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستان

Background and Aims: Studies have shown that excessive use of social networks may cause mental disorders. This study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between the use of cell phone’s social networks and mental health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022, in which totally 250 staff members of Golestan University of Medical Sciences participated. Proportional random stratified sampling method was used. The data collection tool was a checklist of demographic variables. Additionally, valid and reliable questionnaires on the use of mobile cell phone’s social networks and mental health were exploited. The data was analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software (v.24) and statistical tests were considered significant at P&lt;0.05. Compliance with ethical considerations was considered in all stages of the study implementation. Results: The average age of employees was 41.07±6.8 years and their average work experience was 15.04±6.93 years. About 56.8% of participants were women and the rest were men. WhatsApp was the most commonly used social network by study participants (44.8 percent). The average score of using mobile social network and mental health was 21.81±5.74 and 35.17±6.20 respectively. The use of social networks revealed a statistically significant association with the total score of mental health (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The amount of social networks use was reported at a low level and the mental health of employees needs serious interventions. Considering the existence of a relationship between the engagement in social networks and mental health, the controlled use of social networks can prevent employees' mental health from being compromised.زمینه و اهداف: مطالعات نشان داده‌اند، استفاده زیاد از شبکه‌های اجتماعی می‌تواند باعث بروز اختلالات روانی شود. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارتباط بین میزان استفاده از شبکه‌های اجتماعی تلفن همراه با سلامت روان انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: یک مطالعه مقطعی در سال ۱۴۰۱ انجام شد. ۲۵۰ نفر از كاركنان ستادی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستان در مطالعه شرکت نمودند. روش نمونه‌گیری به روش طبقه‌ای تصادفی متناسب بود. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، چک لیست متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی و همچنین، پرسشنامه‌های روا و پایا شده ميزان استفاده از شبكه‌هاي اجتماعي تلفن همراه و سلامت روان بودند. داده‌ها به کمک آمار توصیفی و استنباطی در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 24 و سطح معناداری 0/05 تحلیل شد. رعایت ملاحظات اخلاقی در تمام مراحل اجرای مطالعه درنظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها: میانگین سنی کارکنان 6/8 ±41/07 سال و میانگین سابقه کار آنها 6/93 ±15/04 سال بود. 56/8 درصد زن و بقيه مرد بودند. بیشترین شبکه اجتماعی مورد استفاده کاربران، واتس آپ (44/8 درصد) بود. میانگین نمره استفاده از شبکه اجتماعی و سلامت روان به ترتیب 5/74 ±21/81 و 6/2 ±35/17 بود. ميزان استفاده از شبکه‌های اجتماعی با نمره کل سلامت روان ارتباط معناداری داشت (P&lt;0/001). نتیجه‌گیری: میزان استفاده از شبکه‌های اجتماعی در سطح پایینی گزارش شد و سلامت روان کارکنان نیازمند مداخلات جدی است. با توجه به وجود ارتباط بین میزان استفاده از شبکه‌های اجتماعی با سلامت روان، استفاده منطقی و کنترل شده شبکه‌های اجتماعی می‌تواند مانع به مخاطره افتادن سلامت روان کارکنان گردد

Analysis and Comparison of Interdisciplinary Relations of Library Science and Information Science Based on Citation Clustering in The Period of Before and After the Appearance of the Web

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the interdisciplinary relations of &ldquo;Library Science and Information Science&rdquo;. For this purpose the subject categories of citing and cited journals of these fields were investigated in JCR database during the period of 1987-1997 and 2003-2013, and through the comparsion of obtained results the impact of information technology on the development of &ldquo;LIS&rdquo; interdisciplinarity was investigated. Methedology of the research was co-citation analysis of journals in scientometrics studies. Also the research was performed using the conventional techniques of scientometrics including Bradford law, Ward hierarchical clustering approach in statistical software SPSS, and the new measure including Proximity index. Research community includes citing and cited journals of 56 &ldquo;LIS&rdquo; journals during 1987-1997 and 83 journals during 2003-2013 in Journals Ctiation Report (JCR) database. The results showed that &ldquo;LIS&rdquo; has been influenced by other subject categories more than affecting them. For example, the number of journals which &ldquo;LIS&rdquo; cited from 1758 (in the first period) has increased to 5303 (in the second period). Co-occurrence matrix of core citing and cited subject categories was analyzed, and three main clusters in the first period and seven clusters in the second period were drawn. In general, the amount and quality of co-occurrence of subject categories in clusters showed that the domain and variety of affecting and affected subject categories were expanded in the second period. Structural similarity of clusters for affecting and affected subject categories calculated. Results showed that structural similarity of clusters in the second period was %10 higher than in the first period. Also, the Structural similarity of affecting clusters of &ldquo;LIS&rdquo; was more than affected clusters. Assessment of difference between subject categories groups by ANOVA and Tukey Post hoc tests showed that there were differences between all numbers of citing and cited groups